United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991, Northwest Indiana Site Inventory and Landuse/Landcover Study. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, NV., Report TS-PIC-91793/92793, 4 volumes.
Land-use/land-cover data from the four-volume series (US EPA, 1991) titled "Northwest Indiana Site Inventory and Landuse/Landcover Study" was scanned, digitized, and georeferenced to create a Geographic Information System (GIS) database as part of a joint project by the IGS, IDEM, and the USACE named "Conversion of Historical Data to GIS Format for Grand Calumet Feasibility Study." These data layers were used in the land use difference analysis conducted to generate this file.
"This report presents an intensive site inventory and land use/land cover study of approximately 110-square miles in Northwest Indiana....Five selected dates; 1951, 1958, 1965, 1980, and 1990, of black-and-white and conventional color aerial photography were used to perform the inventory. The 1951 and 1990 photography were selected for the land use/land cover study."
"The land use/land cover classification system devised by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (Anderson et al. 1976) represents a national classification that has achieved widespread acceptance. Level I and Level II land use/land cover is based on the USGS classification system. For land use/land cover data needed in planning and management, accuracy of interpretation at the generalized first and second levels is satisfactory when the interpreter makes the correct interpretation 85 to 90 percent of the time. The problem of classifying multiple uses occurring on a single parcel of land is not easily solved. Multiple uses may occur simultaneously, as in the instance of agricultural land or forest land being used for recreational activities, such as hunting or camping. Use may also occur alternately, as would be the case with a major reservoir that provides flood control during spring runoff and generate power during summer peak demand periods. All of these activities would not be detected on a single aerial photo; thus the selected categorization may be necessarily based on the dominant or apparent use on the date of the sensor image."
"Vertical arrangements of land uses above or below terrain surfaces produce added complexities for image interpreters. Mineral deposits under cropland, transmission lines crossing pastures, garages underground or on roofs of buildings, and subways beneath urban areas exemplify situations which must be resolved by individual users and compilers of land-use data."
"Stereoscopic pairs of five sets of aerial photographs (1951, 1958, 1965, 1980, and 1990) were used to perform the analysis. Stereo viewing enhances the interpretation because it allows the analyst to observe the vertical as well as horizontal spatial relationships of natural and cultural features. Stereoscopy is also an aid in distinguishing between various shapes, tones, textures, and colors that can be found within the study area."
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, prepared this report for the Water Division, Water Compliance Section, and the Waste Management Division, Superfund Program Management Branch, Technical Support Section in Region 5, at Chicago, Illinois, and the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response in Washington, D.C."
The following was excerpted from Table 1 of the four-volume series titled "Northwest Indiana Site Inventory and land use/land cover Study," and contains documentation information of the aerial photography used for the 1951 and 1990 imagery used to map land use/land cover:
Year - date - scale - filmtype* - photo source** - photo I.D.
1951 - 12/09/1951 - 1:29,000 - B&W - USGS - PK
1990 - 09/25/1990 - 1:13,000 - CC - EMSL - 91793
*B&W: Black-and-white
*CC: Conventional Color
**USGS: U.S. Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
**EMSL: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada
This data set was compiled by Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey, using data believed to be accurate; however, a degree of error is inherent in all data. This product is distributed "AS-IS" without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of suitability to a particular purpose or use. No attempt has been made in either the design or production of these data to define the limits or jurisdiction of any federal, state, or local government. These data are intended for use only at the published scale or smaller and are for reference purposes only. They are not to be construed as a legal document or survey instrument. A detailed on-the-ground survey and historical analysis of a single site may differ from these data.
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The information on these media is proprietary to Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey. Any copying, adaptation, distribution, public performance, or public display of this information without the express written consent of Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is discouraged. CREDIT: It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: [GRANDCAL_LANDUSECHANGE1951_1990: Land-use/Land-cover Change in Northwestern Lake County, Indiana, between 1951 and 1990, Indiana (Indiana Geological Survey, 5-Meter TIFF Image), digital compilation by Sally Letsinger, 2008.].
WARRANTY: Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey warrants that the media on which this product is stored will be free from defect in materials and workmanship for ninety (90) days from the date of acquisition. If such a defect is found, return the media to Publication Sales, Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2208, and it will be replaced free of charge.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY: Except for the expressed warranty above, the product is provided "AS IS", without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey shares no liability with product users indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is not responsible for claims by a third party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product.