The SAIPE data were produced for school districts as they existed in 2005-2006. It was not possible to find a boundary file for school districts in those years, so a boundary file for 2000 was used. In a few areas, it was not possible to match the SAIPE data with the 2000 school-district boundaries. This is presumably the result of changes (such as mergers or divisions) of school districts between 2000 and 2006.
Regarding the preexisting shapefile showing school districts, the following is excerpted from an online document produced by the U.S. Census Bureau pertaining to unified school districts (found at <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/sd_metadata.html>):
"School districts are geographic entities within which state, county, or local officials provide public educational services for the area's residents. The U.S. Census Bureau obtains the boundaries and names for school districts from state officials. The U.S. Census Bureau first provided data for school districts in the 1970 census. For Census 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau tabulated data for three types of school districts: elementary, secondary, and unified.
"Each school district is assigned a five-digit code that is unique within state. School district codes are assigned by the Department of Education and are not necessarily in alphabetical order by school district name."
This data set was compiled by Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey, using data believed to be accurate; however, a degree of error is inherent in all data. This product is distributed "AS-IS" without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of suitability to a particular purpose or use. No attempt has been made in either the design or production of these data to define the limits or jurisdiction of any federal, state, or local government. These data are intended for use only at the published scale or smaller and are for reference purposes only. They are not to be construed as a legal document or survey instrument. A detailed on-the-ground survey and historical analysis of a single site may differ from these data.
COPYRIGHT 2007, THE TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY, INDIANA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The information on these media is proprietary to Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey. Any copying, adaptation, distribution, public performance, or public display of this information without the express written consent of Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is discouraged.
CREDIT
It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: CHILDREN_POVERTY_USCB_IN: Children, Ages 5 to 17, from Families in Poverty in Indiana in 2004, by School District (United States Census Bureau, 1:500,000, Polygon Shapefile), digital representation by Denver Harper, 2007.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY
This product is provided "AS IS", without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey shares no liability with product users indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is not responsible for claims by a third party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product.
The following is from the U.S. Census Bureau Web document (<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/school/sd04over.html>):
"Background. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) directs the Department of Education to distribute Title I basic and concentration grants directly to school districts on the basis of the most recent estimates of children in poverty available from the Census Bureau. These estimates are produced under the Census Bureau's Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program. The estimates are based on Census 2000 and the SAIPE program's model-based estimates of poverty for all counties.
"The 2004 estimates correspond with 2005-2006 school district boundaries, while the 2001 - 2003 estimates are for districts according to their 2003-2004 boundaries.
"SAIPE school district estimates. Three estimates are provided for each school district: total population, children ages 5-17, related children ages 5-17 in families in poverty.
"The number of related school-age children in families in poverty in each school district is provided as a component of the determination of Title I grants. The estimate of the total population of each district is provided for use in the small district (less than 20,000 population) provision. The figure for school-age children is provided so that the proportion of children in poverty can be determined. This proportion is required for determining eligibility for grants. A true poverty "rate" for children cannot be determined from these figures, because the numerator and denominator refer to slightly different universes.
"The school district estimates are based upon tabulations of poverty from Census 2000, using school district boundaries corresponding to school year 2005 - 2006. These tabulated data are then combined with the SAIPE program county estimates of poverty, utilizing methods consistent with the SAIPE program school district estimates since income year 1995. By construction, the SAIPE program school district estimates are arithmetically consistent with the SAIPE program county and state estimates, and with the national estimate from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) - the official source of national poverty estimates.
"Spatial Boundaries of School Districts. We provide poverty estimates for all school districts that are in the Census Bureau’s TIGER database, updated by each School District Review Program; the most recent was completed in 2006. We also tabulate and produce estimates for all occupied areas not assigned to any school district. We refer to these areas as “balances” of the counties in which they occur, whether they comprise a single compact area or not. Although we do not publish estimates for "balance of county" areas on our website, they are provided to the U.S. Department of Education for implementing provisions of NCLB, and are available upon request.
"Grade Ranges of School Districts. For each school district, our estimates pertain to all resident school-age children ages 5-17, inclusive, whether enrolled in public or private school, or not enrolled. Where two districts divide the children of an area between them by grade, the estimates do so as well. In most areas, districts called "elementary" or "unified" are, no matter their names, responsible for providing education for all elementary and secondary grades – either by operating schools themselves or by purchasing instruction from neighboring school districts – for all residents of their territory. In these areas, data for all people ages 5-17, inclusive, are tabulated in the district in which they reside.
"Some states have areas with separate "elementary" and "secondary" school districts, each exclusively responsible for providing education in some grades in their shared territory.1 In these areas, data for school-age children are allocated between districts on the basis of the grade range of the district and the grade assigned to the child. There are also some states that have school districts with different grade ranges in different parts of their territory.2 In most cases these are districts that are "unified" in part of their domain, and "secondary" in the rest. The final tabulations and estimates reflect the combination of data honoring these distinctions.
"Grade ranges for each district are collected during the boundary update, and supplemented with phone calls to districts. We attempt to assign a single grade range to each district which, in the case of spatially overlapping districts, leaves no grade unclaimed and no grade claimed by more than one district. Occasionally the pattern of grade ranges of overlapping districts does not permit each grade to be assigned to exactly one and only one district. In these few instances, three simple rules are applied: If a "unified" district is present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by two districts or not claimed by either are allocated to the "unified" district. If an "elementary" and "secondary" district are present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by both are allocated to the "secondary" district. If an "elementary" and "secondary" district are present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by neither are allocated to the "elementary" district.
"Grades for Children. To tabulate the data for each district, each child is assigned a grade. In the Census 2000 sample, where responses to the "long-form" questions are available, 97 percent of children are assigned a grade on the basis of their edited reports of the grade in which they were enrolled. Because this question used response categories that represent multiple grades (PK, KG, 1st – 4th, 5th – 8th, 9th-12th, higher), the child’s age in October was used to assign single grades from among those implied by the answer. For those not enrolled, the modal grade for their age in October (age on October 1, 1999 less 5) was assigned, provided that the grade assigned was not reported as having been completed. For Census 2000 short-form data, where school enrollment and educational attainment are not available, children were assigned the modal grade for their age on October 1, 1999.
"With the Census 2000 record for each child assigned to a single 2005-2006 school district, to which that child is said to be "relevant," we tabulate for each district: “Relevant” children ages 5-17, inclusive. "Relevant" children who are related to the householder and reside in families whose 1999 income falls below the poverty threshold appropriate to that family. Total population of all ages residing in the spatial boundaries of the district. (Note that because of overlapping districts, the sum of the total populations of the districts will exceed the total population of the nation.) Related children are people ages 5-17 related by birth, marriage, or adoption to the householder of the housing unit in which they reside; foster children, other unrelated individuals, and residents of group quarters are not "related children".
"Constructing the SAIPE program estimates. The SAIPE program procedure for estimating poverty among relevant children ages 5-17 in families works with geographical units we call school-district-county-pieces. These pieces are defined as the intersections of school districts and counties (i.e., all of a district if it does not cross county boundaries and each county part separately for districts that do). If a school district has territory in two counties, for example, we make estimates for the two parts separately and then combine them. School districts with territory in a single county are composed of a single piece.
"The first step in making the school district poverty estimates is to estimate poverty rates for income year 1999 from Census 2000. The poverty rates for relevant school-aged children in families are estimated using a method called "estimated best linear unbiased predictor" (EBLUP) with a simple model. Using EBLUP, the estimate for each school district piece in a county is the weighted average of the direct sample estimate (produced as described above) for all of the school district pieces in that county. The weight for a school district piece depends on the relative variance of its sampling error and the variance between the school district pieces’ true poverty rates within the county. The effect of this procedure is to "shrink" the estimates toward a county-wide poverty rate, so we often refer to this kind of estimator as a "shrinkage" estimator.
"School district pieces can be very small, in which case the sampling-error variances of the estimates from Census 2000 sample data can be very high. In extreme cases, the Census 2000 estimates of the number of people in poverty in a school district might be zero or may exceed the population. Since these estimates are used throughout the decade, the effects of large sampling errors can have lasting effects. The shrinkage procedure produces estimates of poverty rates that are greater than zero and less than 100 percent in nearly every case. Further, the overall magnitude of the error is reduced under the fairly general model for which these estimates are derived. Beginning with the 2003 estimates, we implemented an improved method for our shrinkage estimator. The expected value of poverty rates for school district pieces within counties are unchanged, but the standard errors are reduced.
"To get estimates of the number of relevant children ages 5-17 in families in poverty , we multiply the shrinkage estimate of poverty rates by the Census 2000 counts of the numbers of relevant related children ages 5-17. The numbers of children in poverty are then adjusted, using “controlled rounding,” to get a result with the following properties: The number of children in poverty in the school district pieces are integers. This is possible, in part, because the county-level estimates have already been adjusted so they have the same properties relative to the states, which, in turn, have the same properties relative to the national CPS ASEC estimated number of school-aged children in poverty. The controlled rounding has the approximate effect of calculating the shares of a county’s children in poverty who reside in the school district pieces from the shrinkage estimates and apportioning the SAIPE program county estimated children in poverty to the school district pieces according to those shares. The final step is to reassemble the school district pieces into the school districts, simply by adding their controlled-rounded numbers of children in poverty together."
Pertaining to school districts, the following is excerpted from the U.S. Census Bureau Web document produced by the U.S. Census Bureau (<http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/sd_metadata.html>):
"School districts are geographic entities within which state, county, or local officials provide public educational services for the area's residents. The U.S. Census Bureau obtains the boundaries and names for school districts from tate officials. The U.S. Census Bureau first provided data for school districts in the 1970 census. For Census 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau tabulated data for three types of school districts: elementary, secondary, and unified.
"Each school district is assigned a five-digit code that is unique within state. School district codes are assigned by the Department of Education and are not necessarily in alphabetical order by school district name."
The following is from the U.S. Census Bureau Web document (<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/school/sd04over.html>):
"Background. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) directs the Department of Education to distribute Title I basic and concentration grants directly to school districts on the basis of the most recent estimates of children in poverty available from the Census Bureau. These estimates are produced under the Census Bureau's Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program. The estimates are based on Census 2000 and the SAIPE program's model-based estimates of poverty for all counties.
"The 2004 estimates correspond with 2005-2006 school district boundaries, while the 2001 - 2003 estimates are for districts according to their 2003-2004 boundaries.
"SAIPE school district estimates. Three estimates are provided for each school district: total population, children ages 5-17, related children ages 5-17 in families in poverty.
"The number of related school-age children in families in poverty in each school district is provided as a component of the determination of Title I grants. The estimate of the total population of each district is provided for use in the small district (less than 20,000 population) provision. The figure for school-age children is provided so that the proportion of children in poverty can be determined. This proportion is required for determining eligibility for grants. A true poverty "rate" for children cannot be determined from these figures, because the numerator and denominator refer to slightly different universes.
"The school district estimates are based upon tabulations of poverty from Census 2000, using school district boundaries corresponding to school year 2005 - 2006. These tabulated data are then combined with the SAIPE program county estimates of poverty, utilizing methods consistent with the SAIPE program school district estimates since income year 1995. By construction, the SAIPE program school district estimates are arithmetically consistent with the SAIPE program county and state estimates, and with the national estimate from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) - the official source of national poverty estimates.
"Spatial Boundaries of School Districts. We provide poverty estimates for all school districts that are in the Census Bureau’s TIGER database, updated by each School District Review Program; the most recent was completed in 2006. We also tabulate and produce estimates for all occupied areas not assigned to any school district. We refer to these areas as “balances” of the counties in which they occur, whether they comprise a single compact area or not. Although we do not publish estimates for "balance of county" areas on our website, they are provided to the U.S. Department of Education for implementing provisions of NCLB, and are available upon request.
"Grade Ranges of School Districts. For each school district, our estimates pertain to all resident school-age children ages 5-17, inclusive, whether enrolled in public or private school, or not enrolled. Where two districts divide the children of an area between them by grade, the estimates do so as well. In most areas, districts called "elementary" or "unified" are, no matter their names, responsible for providing education for all elementary and secondary grades – either by operating schools themselves or by purchasing instruction from neighboring school districts – for all residents of their territory. In these areas, data for all people ages 5-17, inclusive, are tabulated in the district in which they reside.
"Some states have areas with separate "elementary" and "secondary" school districts, each exclusively responsible for providing education in some grades in their shared territory.1 In these areas, data for school-age children are allocated between districts on the basis of the grade range of the district and the grade assigned to the child. There are also some states that have school districts with different grade ranges in different parts of their territory.2 In most cases these are districts that are "unified" in part of their domain, and "secondary" in the rest. The final tabulations and estimates reflect the combination of data honoring these distinctions.
"Grade ranges for each district are collected during the boundary update, and supplemented with phone calls to districts. We attempt to assign a single grade range to each district which, in the case of spatially overlapping districts, leaves no grade unclaimed and no grade claimed by more than one district. Occasionally the pattern of grade ranges of overlapping districts does not permit each grade to be assigned to exactly one and only one district. In these few instances, three simple rules are applied: If a "unified" district is present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by two districts or not claimed by either are allocated to the "unified" district. If an "elementary" and "secondary" district are present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by both are allocated to the "secondary" district. If an "elementary" and "secondary" district are present, data for children whose assigned grade is claimed by neither are allocated to the "elementary" district.
"Grades for Children. To tabulate the data for each district, each child is assigned a grade. In the Census 2000 sample, where responses to the "long-form" questions are available, 97 percent of children are assigned a grade on the basis of their edited reports of the grade in which they were enrolled. Because this question used response categories that represent multiple grades (PK, KG, 1st – 4th, 5th – 8th, 9th-12th, higher), the child’s age in October was used to assign single grades from among those implied by the answer. For those not enrolled, the modal grade for their age in October (age on October 1, 1999 less 5) was assigned, provided that the grade assigned was not reported as having been completed. For Census 2000 short-form data, where school enrollment and educational attainment are not available, children were assigned the modal grade for their age on October 1, 1999.
"With the Census 2000 record for each child assigned to a single 2005-2006 school district, to which that child is said to be "relevant," we tabulate for each district: “Relevant” children ages 5-17, inclusive. "Relevant" children who are related to the householder and reside in families whose 1999 income falls below the poverty threshold appropriate to that family. Total population of all ages residing in the spatial boundaries of the district. (Note that because of overlapping districts, the sum of the total populations of the districts will exceed the total population of the nation.) Related children are people ages 5-17 related by birth, marriage, or adoption to the householder of the housing unit in which they reside; foster children, other unrelated individuals, and residents of group quarters are not "related children".
"Constructing the SAIPE program estimates. The SAIPE program procedure for estimating poverty among relevant children ages 5-17 in families works with geographical units we call school-district-county-pieces. These pieces are defined as the intersections of school districts and counties (i.e., all of a district if it does not cross county boundaries and each county part separately for districts that do). If a school district has territory in two counties, for example, we make estimates for the two parts separately and then combine them. School districts with territory in a single county are composed of a single piece.
"The first step in making the school district poverty estimates is to estimate poverty rates for income year 1999 from Census 2000. The poverty rates for relevant school-aged children in families are estimated using a method called "estimated best linear unbiased predictor" (EBLUP) with a simple model. Using EBLUP, the estimate for each school district piece in a county is the weighted average of the direct sample estimate (produced as described above) for all of the school district pieces in that county. The weight for a school district piece depends on the relative variance of its sampling error and the variance between the school district pieces’ true poverty rates within the county. The effect of this procedure is to "shrink" the estimates toward a county-wide poverty rate, so we often refer to this kind of estimator as a "shrinkage" estimator.
"School district pieces can be very small, in which case the sampling-error variances of the estimates from Census 2000 sample data can be very high. In extreme cases, the Census 2000 estimates of the number of people in poverty in a school district might be zero or may exceed the population. Since these estimates are used throughout the decade, the effects of large sampling errors can have lasting effects. The shrinkage procedure produces estimates of poverty rates that are greater than zero and less than 100 percent in nearly every case. Further, the overall magnitude of the error is reduced under the fairly general model for which these estimates are derived. Beginning with the 2003 estimates, we implemented an improved method for our shrinkage estimator. The expected value of poverty rates for school district pieces within counties are unchanged, but the standard errors are reduced.
"To get estimates of the number of relevant children ages 5-17 in families in poverty , we multiply the shrinkage estimate of poverty rates by the Census 2000 counts of the numbers of relevant related children ages 5-17. The numbers of children in poverty are then adjusted, using “controlled rounding,” to get a result with the following properties: The number of children in poverty in the school district pieces are integers. This is possible, in part, because the county-level estimates have already been adjusted so they have the same properties relative to the states, which, in turn, have the same properties relative to the national CPS ASEC estimated number of school-aged children in poverty. The controlled rounding has the approximate effect of calculating the shares of a county’s children in poverty who reside in the school district pieces from the shrinkage estimates and apportioning the SAIPE program county estimated children in poverty to the school district pieces according to those shares. The final step is to reassemble the school district pieces into the school districts, simply by adding their controlled-rounded numbers of children in poverty together."
Pertaining to school districts, the following is excerpted from the U.S. Census Bureau Web document produced by the U.S. Census Bureau (<http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/sd_metadata.html>):
"School districts are geographic entities within which state, county, or local officials provide public educational services for the area's residents. The U.S. Census Bureau obtains the boundaries and names for school districts from tate officials. The U.S. Census Bureau first provided data for school districts in the 1970 census. For Census 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau tabulated data for three types of school districts: elementary, secondary, and unified.
"Each school district is assigned a five-digit code that is unique within state. School district codes are assigned by the Department of Education and are not necessarily in alphabetical order by school district name."
The information on these media is proprietary to Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey. Any copying, adaptation, distribution, public performance, or public display of this information without the express written consent of Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is discouraged.
CREDIT
It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: CHILDREN_POVERTY_USCB_IN: Children, Ages 5 to 17, from Families in Poverty in Indiana in 2004, by School District (United States Census Bureau, 1:500,000, Polygon Shapefile), digital representation by Denver Harper, 2007.
WARRANTY
Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey warrants that the media on which this product is stored will be free from defect in materials and workmanship for ninety (90) days from the date of acquisition. If such a defect is found, return the media to Publication Sales, Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2208, and it will be replaced free of charge.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY
Except for the expressed warranty above, the product is provided "AS IS", without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey shares no liability with product users indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey is not responsible for claims by a third party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product.