This layer was developed to assist watershed assessments and restoration prioritization efforts in Indiana. Research and literature support the understanding that increased imperviousness produces increased runoff, which can increase nonpoint source pollution. Effects on water quality and pressures on aquatic ecosystems can result. The following citations support such evaluations, but also provide context and guidance for using generalized impact threshold categorizations such as those provided in this data layer.
The following is excerpted from Brabec and others (2002, p. 500): "Although the value of imperviousness as an indicator in water quality planning has had significant support in the literature, the implications and thresholds for land use decision making are much more complex than reliance on a specific impervious surface threshold."
For more information: Arnold, C.L., and Gibbons, C.J., 1996, Impervious surface coverage - the emergence of a key environmental indicator: Journal of the American Planning Association, v. 62, no. 2, p. 243-258.
Booth, D.B., and Jackson, C.R., 1997, Urbanization of aquatic systems - degradation thresholds, stormwater detection, and the limits of mitigation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1077–1090.
Brabec, E., Schulte, S., and Richards, P.L., 2002, Impervious surfaces and water quality: a review of current literature and its implications for watershed planning: Journal of Planning Literature, v. 16, no. 4, p. 499-514.
Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 2003, Indiana watershed planning guide: <http://www.in.gov/idem/catalog/documents/water/iwpg.pdf>, date accessed August 8, 2008.
Schueler, T.R., 1994, The importance of imperviousness: Watershed Protection Techniques, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 100–111.
Schueler, T.R., 1995, The peculiarities of perviousness: Watershed Protection Techniques, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 233-238.
Schueler. T.R. and Holland, H.K., eds., 2000, The practice of watershed protection. Ellicott City, Md: Center for Watershed Protection.
United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency, 1990, Impervious Surface Reduction Study: Final Report: USEPA Office of Water, #EPA-506/9-90.
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CREDIT: It is requested that the Indiana Geological Survey be cited in any products generated from this data. The following source citation should be included: [IMPERVIOUS_AREA_HUC14_SUBWATERSHEDS_IGS_IN: Percentage of 14-digit Subwatersheds Occupied by Impervious Surfaces (Indiana Geological Survey, 1:24,000, Polygon Shapefile), digital compilation by Sally Letsinger, 2008.].
WARRANTY: Indiana University, Indiana Geological Survey warrants that the media on which this product is stored will be free from defect in materials and workmanship for ninety (90) days from the date of acquisition. If such a defect is found, return the media to Publication Sales, Indiana Geological Survey, 611 North Walnut Grove Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2208, and it will be replaced free of charge.
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